Where Is Mozarts Grave and Was He Buried a Pauper

Everyone knows child prodigy and all time musical great Mozart burned brightly, died young, and was poor enough to be buried in a paupers grave, right? This ending shows up in many places. Unfortunately, theres a problem—this isnt true. Mozart is buried somewhere in Viennas St. Marx cemetery, and the exact location is unknown; the current monument and grave are the results of an educated guess. The circumstances of the composers burial, and the lack of any definite grave, has led to great confusion, including the common belief that Mozart was dumped into a mass grave for paupers. This view stems from a misinterpretation of funerary practices in eighteenth-century Vienna, which doesnt sound terribly interesting but does explain the myth. Mozarts Burial Mozart died on December 5th, 1791. Records show that he was sealed in a wooden coffin and buried in a plot along with 4-5 other people; a wooden marker was used to identify the grave. Although this is the kind of burial modern readers may associate with poverty, it was actually the standard practice for middle-income families of the time. The burial of groups of people in one grave was organized and dignified, differing greatly from the images of large open pits now synonymous with the term mass grave. Mozart may not have died rich, but friends and admirers came to his widows aid, helping her pay debts and funeral costs. Large graveside gatherings and grand funerals were discouraged in Vienna during this period, hence Mozarts simple burial, but a church service was certainly held in his honor. He was buried as a man of his social standing would have been at the time. The Grave Is Moved At this point, Mozart had a grave; however, at some stage during the next 5-15 years, his plot was dug up to make room for more burials. The bones were re-interred, possibly having been crushed to reduce their size; consequently, the position of Mozarts grave was lost. Again, modern readers may associate this activity with the treatment of paupers graves, but it was common practice. Some historians have suggested that the story of Mozarts paupers burial was first encouraged, if not partly started, by the composers widow, Constanze, who used the tale to provoke public interest in her husbands work and her own performances of it. Grave space was at a premium, a problem local councils still have to worry about, and people were given one grave for a few years, then moved to an all-purpose smaller area. This was not done because anyone in the graves was poor. Mozarts Skull? There is, however, one final twist. In the early twentieth century, the Salzburg Mozarteum was presented with a rather morbid gift: Mozarts skull. It was alleged that a gravedigger had rescued the skull during the re-organization of the composers grave. Although scientific testing has been unable to either confirm or deny that the bone is Mozarts, there is enough evidence on the skull to determine a cause of death (chronic hematoma), which would be consistent with Mozarts symptoms before death. Several medical theories about the exact cause of Mozarts demise—another great mystery surrounding him—have been developed using the skull as evidence. The mystery of the skull is real; the mystery of the paupers grave is solved.

Dulce Et Decorum Est Poetry Essay - 980 Words

Describe at least ONE memorable use of language in the text(s) Explain how this use of language helped you understand one or more key ideas in the text(s). In the poem ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ and ‘The Send-Off’ by Wilfred Owen, he uses a variety of language techniques including metaphor, personification and emotive expressive language to create a huge impact on readers evoking feelings such as horror and pity of the soldiers and of war. Owen’s intention of using these effective language techniques was to convey the horrific reality of war and to shatter the myth of war as a glorious mission. World War 1 (also known as the ‘Great War’) was a major war centered around Europe that involved countries from all over the globe between 1914 and†¦show more content†¦Even in the present, a number of soldiers returning from war commit suicide due to their unfathomable guilt of surviving and the horrible traumatizing memories that continue to besiege them. The poet tells us, the glory of war is just an â€Å"old lie†. Owen shows the indignity of death in war as the dying man was â€Å"flung† in a wagon instead of being honored for his bravery and duty as the way they were told. The last stanza goes into sickening detail of the dying man, â€Å"at every jolt the blood – come gargling from his froth-corrupted lungs†, the â€Å"white eyes writhing† in his face. The use of alliteration and assonance emphasizes how the memory has a powerful impact on those who witnessed the scene. Owen’s vivid imagery consumes the reader in horror, pity, shock, even disgust and is enough to sear the heart and mind. The cruel reality of war can be clearly seen as men lose their lives in the most pointless futile manner as they are just â€Å"flung† aside during death. Just by reading, the readers can perceive Owen’s bitter and disparaging tone towards war, the propaganda and sectors of society who glori fied it. During those times before there was any media coverage, people only relied on the government and propaganda. In Owen’s preface to an anthology of his poems published posthumously, he stated â€Å"my subject is war, and the pity of war.† â€Å"All a poet can do today is warn. That is why true poets must be truthful.Show MoreRelatedAnalytical Essay on Wilfred Owens War Poetry- Dulce Et Decorum Est- by Za1715 Words   |  7 PagesAnalytical Essay on â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† By ZA 2010 and 15 years of Age British war poet, Wilfred Owen, incorporates many techniques of poetry writing in his works. As a soldier, Owen often wrote poems which described the misery and hardships on the fronts of World War One. To illustrate the image and scenes of the conflict, Owen uses an array of techniques which can be noticed in his poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† In the poem, â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est†, Owen recollects the event of a gas attack on returningRead MoreCompare and Contrast Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade and Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est1862 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay you will notice the differences and similarities between ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ and ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’. ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ was written in nineteenth century by Alfred Lord Tennyson. In contrast, ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ was written in the twentieth century by Wilfred Owen. The main similarity we have observed is that they both capture war time experiences. However, the poets’ present these events using their own style, and the effect is two completely differentRead More Meaninglessness Glory in Wilfred Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est763 Words   |  4 PagesMeaninglessness Glory in Wilfred Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est It is sweet and proper to die for one’s country. Sweet! And decorous! If in some smothering dreams you too could pace behind that wagon, my friend, you would not tell with such high zest to children ardent for some desperate glory that old lie†¦. Wilfred Owen titles his poem the Latin translation of what he refers to as â€Å"The old Lie† (Dulce Et Decorum Est), and sets out to disprove it. Using poetry and imagery as his primary tools,Read MoreIs Vitai Lampada Similar to Dulce Et Decorum Est1634 Words   |  7 PagesIn the essay I am going to compare and contrast the way in which different attitudes to war are presented in the poems ‘Dulce et Decorum est’. And ‘Vitai Lampada’. Both poem are a bout war but they are wrote in completely different ways. Firstly, Wilfred Owen wrote a poem named Dulce et Decorum. Wilfred Owen was born in 1893 in Owestry, Shropshire and he died in 1918. Dulce et Decorum was written in 1917. Wilfred Owen enlisted for the war in 1915 and trained in England untilRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est Comparison with Whos for the Game1550 Words   |  7 PagesComparing and Contrasting Poetry The poems I have chosen to compare in this essay are Wilfred Owens â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and Jessie Popes â€Å"Whos For The Game?†. The two poems I have chosen to compare are both about the first world war. Yet the two poems have very different opinions on the Great War. My first poem, Dulce et decorum, is against the war and the injustice of it all. It is narrated by one of the soldiers who is fighting in the Great War and having to face the horrors of war. OnRead More Compare and contrast how Wilfred Owen and Isobel Thrilling portray the3342 Words   |  14 PagesCompare and contrast how Wilfred Owen and Isobel Thrilling portray the horror, suffering and inevitable disillusionment of war in their respective poems. The two poets that I am going to compare and contrast in this essay both write from a different perspective of the war. They are writing about different poems, Owen writes about the 1st world war and Thrilling the 2nd. Both poets are in a different setting when they write these poems, Thrilling is back at home whereas Owen is in the middleRead MoreThe Tradition Of War Poetry Essay2221 Words   |  9 PagesOf War Poetry By comparing and contrasting a selection of war poems consider the ways in which attitudes to war have been explored and expressed. When considering poetry written post 1900 concentrate on a selection of poems written by Wilfred Owen. Humans have turned to poetry in many different instances as a way of expressing them selves, using the best combination of words, in the best order to express exactly how they are feeling at that moment. Poetry is oneRead More Love Presented in Poems by Wilfred Owen Essay2489 Words   |  10 PagesThis image of fearlessness, commitment and love for your country was heavily supported and can be appreciated when reading the poetry of Jessie Pope. Her poems are often used to demonstrate the sentiments on the home front, and are commonly taught in opposition to the ideas of the major war poets, including Wilfred Owen. In particular, his poem Dulce Et Decorum Est is studied as a direct antagonism of Popes views and beliefs ¹. In this poem Owens use of strong diction and vivid figurativeRead MoreWilfred Owen1266 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Wilfred Owen’s attitude towards WW1 and how is this shown through his poetry? Wilfred Owen was a soldier during world war one. Many of his poems were published posthumously, and now well renowned. His poems were also heavily influenced by his good friend and fellow soldier Siegfried Sassoon. Wilfred Owen was tragically killed one week before the end of the war. During the war Wilfred Owen had strong feelings towards the use of propaganda and war in general, this was due to the horrors heRead MoreWho s For The Game?1531 Words   |  7 PagesWithin this essay, I will be comparing two very different poems; the propaganda and pro-establishment poem ‘Who’s for the game? written in 1916 by Jessie Pope which attempted to recruit men to the army by creating an unrealistic, glorified image of war and Dulce et decorum est written by Wilfred Owen in October 1917 which provides a horrific yet realistic insight into life as a solider. Within Who s for the game? , Pope uses various poetic devices to create a jovial, ebullient image

Home Care Housing Hrm Free Essays

This report showing the few HR issues currently faced by Home Care Housing. Over 12 years, Home Care Housing Association has employed more than 600 employees. Among those employees, 40% of them will be male and 60% of them will be female. We will write a custom essay sample on Home Care Housing Hrm or any similar topic only for you Order Now This also proven that there will be no proper ratio in workforces between men women. About 60% of female is placed in certain roles and departments such as auxiliary, nursing and office staffs group but none in the managerial and supervise division. This will be considered as one of the gender discrimination. Some units which transferred from local authority will be faced the issue of variation such in levels of pay, hours of work, shift payments and holidays. Head office staffs have increased rates due to cost of living increasing every year but unit staffs none. Unit staffs working hours per week were longer than head office staffs. Even in term of holiday entitlement, head office staffs also entitled more compared to unit staffs. Shift payments are also different in some units due to long service for nursing and auxiliary staffs. Hence proven again the term and conditions in organisation’s policy was not consistent. Because of the strong philanthropic aspects permeating the organisation so that no redundancies happened in the organisation and manager is given too much of autonomy. Some of the managers have simply decided to increase staff pay across the board which based of yearly budgets or sometimes skipping years. The discrimination issue has been noticed while a complaint has been received from a member of staffs mentioned that one of the manager is biased on the good staffs who willing to follow their instructions by giving them monetary advantages like incentive, increment on pay and non-monetary benefits like preferential shift patterns and extra time off. For those staffs whose are refused to comply will get bad shifts and do not have a rise of pay. Irregularity of reward strategy was happened when the cost of living awards only given to those staffs which unit has been transferred from local authority. The payment structure and reward strategy has been introduced but never been considered by them. Furthermore will be the race and religion discrimination issue which one of a family member of residents of one home has viewed the profile of one staff who took care of their family member was from anti-semetic groups and different races from them, so they refused to let that staff to work for their family member. Besides, another discrimination on age issue occurred when one of the manager has posted few deprecating comments about the senior management of the organisation have been corner cutting some of the care standards. For the employees who joined early days are well motivated and most of them were union members. They had the meeting regularly and persuading the others to join as union member. For the other staffs who are non union member who refuse to comply with unionized manager are treated unfairly and have not been motivated by management. On the other hand, another issue will be lack of communication between the older unit management with their staffs. They may have no regular briefing as other units done and always received a lot of complains and grumbles from staffs in the matter of facilities providing and upgrading. In addition, issue of misuse of social media also occurred in the organisation. The organisation had set up an own ‘Facebook’ page which provided the company information. Although the â€Å"Facebook’ page was successfully attracted some new clients but some negative news like care home abusing and some heated argument which involved of own staffs participation were posted up in the page. Workplace intimidation was happened as one of the family member of one resident has complaint and blamed the cleaning staff has stolen their resident money. They manager of that unit who want to investigate deeply about the case has been threatened by the family member. The organisation has faced the issue of high employee turnover and difficulty on hiring new staffs. The managers found that the applicants were not suitable and even some of the posts have to be advertised so many time before getting the suitable applicants. One of the manager has done for the survey and spoke to the staffs who have resigned from the organisation, realized that those resigned staffs are leaded to other local organisation not only because of they get higher pay than your organisation but other organisation did provided the training and development programme which lead to their position. The organisation did not have proper essentials to meet the standardization of care quality via care quality inspection. Although the organisation did have own policies but didn’t not meet all this standard requirements. As well as the organisation also lack of individual development plans for staffs as a lot of staff did not have certain working skills and poor supervision of managers. Some of the quality manager did not realised the important of having standardisation to care of quality and commission. And some of the quality manager had told their staffs to follow the standard requirements but they did not have proper check after instructing. How to cite Home Care Housing Hrm, Papers

Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations. Answer: Introduction: Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people are the indigenous Australians. Just like any other indigenous group in the world, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people constitute the minority population in the country. In terms of numbers, they constitute only a 3% of the Australian population. According to the national population census of 2011, the total population of the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people stood at 729,048 (Zhao, Vemuri Arya, 2016). This number represents the population of the indigenous communities in different states and territories across the nation. In terms of health, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people cannot be compared to the rest of the people in Australia. Research has established that the indigenous communities are worse-off. The communities have a high prevalence of nearly all the diseases as compared to the non-indigenous communities. The prevalence of communicable, cardiovascular, chronic and lifestyle diseases is higher amongst the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people than the rest of the Australian population (Di Cesare, et al., 2013). The members of indigenous communities have higher chances of contracting lung cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, cancer of the pancreas, diabetes, tuberculosis, tetanus, injuries, accidents, stroke, heart failure, High Blood Pressure, coronary heart disease, mental illness, and disability. The Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people also have lower life expectancy, and higher mortality rates than the members of non-indigenous communities (Kend all Barnett, 2015). The poor state of the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people has been linked to historical, social, economic, environmental, and behaviors factors. As the indigenous communities in Australia, the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people suffered as a result of colonialism. The invasion of the country by the European imperialists negatively impacted on the indigenous people because it drove them away from their ancestral lands to which they were strongly attached. His was a very unfortunate incident which greatly affected the community. It has contributed to the poor state of the health of the community (Kavanagh, et al., 2013). On the other hand, the community has been hit by its conservative cultural beliefs, lack of accessibility to employment, educational and housing facilities. Further, the location of the community members in the remote rural areas has hindered them from accessing quality healthcare services like the rest of the people in the country (Doolan, et al., 2015). These are the factors which have made it extremely challenging for the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people to access quality healthcare services and enjoy health equality and equality. Impacts of Current Delivery of Care Methods When it comes to health matters, Australia is highly ranked globally. Because the commonwealth government of Australia is aware of the health disparities between its indigenous and non-indigenous communities, it has been making deliberate efforts to bridge the gap. Meaning, the government has making deliberate efforts to address the health challenges facing the indigenous people (Brown, O'Shea, Mott, McBride, Lawson Jennings, 2015). To achieve this, the government has been applying different measures such as policy-guidelines and initiatives that are directly targeting the rural-based Aboriginals and he Torres Strait Islander people. The first strategy that has been applied by the government in addressing the health concerns of the indigenous people is the establishment of the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations (NACCOs) and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations (ACCHOs). These are community-owned and managed organizations that have been directly involved in the management of healthcare services delivered to the indigenous people in the country. As its name suggests, ACCHO refers to an organization that is formed and managed by the indigenous community members. Once it is established, the organization uses the local community members to identify and address the health needs of the community. So far, more than 150 ACCHOs are in operation in different parts of the country (Dempsey, et al., 2015). However, apart from relying on the community-owned ACCHOs, the government has been relying on the mainstream services to deliver health care to the indigenous people. Here, the memb ers of the indigenous communities are encouraged to seek for healthcare services in the government hospitals to be served. Engagement of Indigenous People The Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders are reserved people who do not prefer to engage in anything that contravenes their cultural traditions. The cultural views held by the indigenous people have been barring them from accessing healthcare services. The reason why these people are reluctant to seek for modern healthcare services is that they believe that it does not appeal to their culture. At the same time, the people believe that the services are not designed to accommodate their needs. After all, most of healthcare providers are non-indigenous people who have no knowledge on the cultural values, traditions, views, and perceptions towards health (Badland, et al., 2014). Therefore, to encourage the indigenous people to embrace modern healthcare services, the government has between making efforts to actively involve them in healthcare delivery. The first engagement strategy applied so far is the use of indigenous health workers. For a very long time, the members of indigenous communities have been finding it challenging to acquire quality education. This is why there have been a few indigenous people, who could join professions like nursing, pharmacy, psychiatry, surgery, and other medical-related disciplines. The fact that there were no indigenous healthcare workers made the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people to refrain from seeking for medical services. However, this problem has been resolved by increasing the number of indigenous employees in the healthcare facilities (Funston Herring, 2016). On the other hand, the government has been relying on the services of the Indigenous Engagement Officers who coordinate the indigenous programs and liaise with the government to support and empower the indigenous communities to achieve health equality like the other Australian communities. Effectiveness of Current Programs and Initiatives Currently, the government of Australia, in conjunction with the territory and state governments, has been engaging in pro-indigenous community programs. Some of the most outstanding initiatives are the NACCHOs, Closing the Gap Strategy and Empowered Community Strategy. These initiatives have been of great importance because they have made significant contributions towards the improvement of health status of the indigenous communities across the country. The programs have been effective in addressing the inequalities that have been barring the indigenous people from accessing quality healthcare services. The initiatives have been effective in increasing the chances of the indigenous people to get access to healthcare services just like the rest of the population. Accessibility to healthcare services has helped in improving the health status of the indigenous people (Donato Segal, 2013). Today, the rate of diseases affecting the indigenous people has reduced. Even mortality and infant mortality rates have been declining thanks to these initiatives. Recommendations As a matter of fact, the implementation of Closing the Gap Strategy, Empowering Communities Initiatives, and NACCHOs demonstrates that the government of Australia is concerned about the indigenous communities. The empowerment and active involvement of the local indigenous community members in these initiatives has helped in improving the quality of health of the indigenous people. However, the existing gap has not been fully closed because there are so many problems which have not been addressed (Zhao, et al., 2013). The Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people are still battling ignorance, unemployment, poor living conditions and a wide range of cardiovascular, communicable, chronic, and respiratory diseases. These problems can be ultimately addressed if the government puts more efforts in improving the living standards of the indigenous people. The best thing to do is to address the socioeconomic inequalities that have been faced by the members of the indigenous communities across the country. The government should avail more educational and employment opportunities to the indigenous people. If these issues are addressed, the health issues facing the indigenous people can be permanently addressed (Baba, Brolan Hill, 2014). Education, unemployment, and poverty are the greatest factors which have been influencing the health of the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people. Therefore, if they are addressed, the community members will never face the health challenges that have been hindering them from leading a quality and healthy life. The other recommendation that should be adopted by the government is that it should improve on its empowerment initiatives. New polices should be introduced to strengthen community participation and empowerment in the indigenous health programs. For example, the ACCHOs should be fully-supported and equipped with local staff that has a deeper understanding of the indigenous cultures (Marley, et al., 2014). The presence of indigenous health workers has encouraged the members of the indigenous communities to seek for medical services because they are convinced that the services should be accepted because they are provided by one of their own who do not discriminate, but appreciate their diversities and understand their needs. References Baba, J.T., Brolan, C.E. Hill, P.S., (2014). Aboriginal medical services cure more than illness: a qualitative study of how Indigenous services address the health impacts of discrimination in Brisbane communities. International journal for equity in health, 13(1), p.1. Badland, H., et al., (2014). Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health. Social Science Medicine, 111, 64-73. Brown, A., O'Shea, R.L., Mott, K., McBride, K.F., Lawson, T. Jennings, G.L., (2015). A strategy for translating evidence into policy and practice to close the gap-developing essential service standards for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cardiovascular care. Heart, Lung and Circulation, 24(2), pp.119-125. Dempsey, M., et al., (2015). Improving treatment outcomes for HIV-positive Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at Cairns Sexual Health using the treatment cascade as a model. HIV Australia, 13(3), p.36. Di Cesare, M., et al., (2013). Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses. The Lancet, 381(9866), 585-597. Donato, R. Segal, L. (2013). Does Australia have the appropriate health reform agenda to close the gap in Indigenous health?. Australian Health Review, 37(2), pp.232-238. Doolan, I., et al., (2015). A retrospective comparison study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander injecting drug users and their contact with youth detention and/or prison. Australian Indigenous Health Bulletin, 15(4). Fredericks, B.L., Lee, V., Adams, M.J. Mahoney, R. (2015). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health. Introduction to Public Health [3rd Ed.], pp.355-376. Funston, L. Herring, S. (2016). When Will the Stolen Generations End? A Qualitative Critical Exploration of Contemporary'Child Protection'Practices in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities. Sexual Abuse in Australia and New Zealand, 7(1), p.51. Kavanagh, A.M., et al., (2013). Time trends in socio-economic inequalities for women and men with disabilities in Australia: evidence of persisting inequalities. International journal for equity in health, 12(1), 1. Kendall, E., Barnett, L. (2015). Principles for the development of Aboriginal health interventions: culturally appropriate methods through systemic empathy. Ethnicity health, 20(5), 437-452. Marley, J.V., et al., (2014). The Be Our Ally Beat Smoking (BOABS) study, a randomised controlled trial of an intensive smoking cessation intervention in a remote aboriginal Australian health care setting. BMC public health, 14(1), 1. Zhao, Y., Vemuri, S. R., Arya, D. (2016). The economic benefits of eliminating Indigenous health inequality in the Northern Territory. Med J Aust, 205(6), 266-269. Zhao, Y., et al., (2013). Health inequity in the Northern Territory, Australia. International journal for equity in health, 12(1), 1.